What is the difference between Shadow DOM and Virtual DOM?

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The Shadow DOM is a browser technology designed primarily for scoping variables and CSS in web components . The Virtual DOM is a concept implemented by libraries in JavaScript on top of browser APIs. The key differences in a table format shown below: | Feature | Shadow DOM | Virtual DOM | | | | | | Purpose | Encapsulation for Web Components | Efficient UI rendering | | Managed by | Browser | JS frameworks (e.g., React) | | DOM Type | Part of real DOM (scoped) | In memory representation | | Encapsulation | Yes | No | | Use Case | Web Components, scoped styling | UI diffing and minimal DOM updates |

Feature	Shadow DOM	Virtual DOM
Purpose	Encapsulation for Web Components	Efficient UI rendering
Managed by	Browser	JS frameworks (e.g., React)
DOM Type	Part of real DOM (scoped)	In-memory representation
Encapsulation	Yes	No
Use Case	Web Components, scoped styling	UI diffing and minimal DOM updates